The Transparent Car

One pump can get 50kPa, or 0.5 atmosphere, 0.5 Bar. His meter shows in Bar. So -0.5 Bar.

https://iclg.com/practice-areas/copyright-laws-and-regulations/malaysia    

If you want to design wind turbine, you need to know that you cannot exceed  0.59 or 16/27 of the kinetic energy of the wind flowing through the turbine blades.

500A 22s ESC https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32952135518.html?     FATJAY FLIER 500A ESC 3-16S 3-22S ESC brushless waterproof speed controller with program box for RC boats Surfboard Flyboard MYR 2,120.13 (US $518.69)   or 800A version https://www.aliexpress.com/item/32693130599.html     Flier biggest powerful brushless ESC 90V 800A for RC boat with programming box MYR 2,403.43 (US $588.00)     https://www.aliexpress.com/item/33055743999.html If you want to use the latest QS 276 motors, you may need this ESC. Big surfboard 120V 1000A brushless big RC boat ESC from flier company MYR 3,793.17 (US $928.00) MYR 3,793.17 (US $928.00) MYR 3,793.17 (US $928.00) Features: 1)The firmware is upgraded recently 2)Two way communication while connection it with computer 3)Firmware can be upgraded by user 4)Motor cable can be inspected while connecting the power battery 5)Simply set function value by programming box or by PC via USB cable 6)Li-MH/Li-PO,Ne-Cd

Because we are using water immersion to cool and protect batteries and speed controllers, they all need to be waterproofed. Even motor windings need to be water proofed as well. This video shows that it all can be done, even with ESC, the most difficult. With ESC, we need to use shrink wrap firsts to ensure there is no heat barrier. Epoxy cannot be used because it will stop heat from escaping. His trick is to use Corrosion X for normal use, Corrosion X HD for servos.     Conformal Coating is recommended by this Youtuber but he discusses cheaper methods for DIY also. To be safe, always use Silicon conformal coating because it withstands heat and conducts heat better than others. Epoxy is for strength and also used in solder masks.   Silicon Conformal Coating Still Not Good Enough Need the epoxy method. Silicon is good enough   https://shopee.com.my/Conformal-Coating-PCB-board-insulating-varnish-transparent-fang-chao-you-environmental-protection-dry-waterproof-enamele-i.327823568.5862109

An important method to reduce losses due to the acrylic layer of the car is to put anti-reflective coating. Because of the difference in refractive indexes, acrylic loses 4% of light. We can reduce it to only 2 percent by using PTFE. The trick is to coat with a thin layer with a lower refractive index than acrylic. Even a small difference, such as superglue, Cynoacrylate, with a refractive index of 1.4 can reduce transmission loss by 1%. PTFE is found in lubricants. It may not stick long but is more effective, at least in the short term. And easier to apply. Just spray with WD40 oil over the surfaces that needs the treatment, and then wipe out the oil because acrylic reacts with oil.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating  

https://youtu.be/vnOg6taUwWM

Hubsink and Ferrofluid Explained

Ferrofluid and Hubsink Explained

https://youtu.be/zZIJo4d4-ds

Excellent demonstration of how difficult it is to dismantle a permanent magnet motor. We need bearing pullers and hydraulic press. I believe there is a opening into the inside of the rotor through the wire harness at the left and side. We can insert two small tubes into the rotor to inject water and extract the steam coming out of it. We can use the tube to insert the ferroliquid to improve cooling via the rotator.

 This is only a draft proposal.  Do not transfer any money to any person until officially acknowledged by UMS. We need to setup a trust account first, and the terms and conditions written down and agreed by all parties first.

The UMS WORLD SOLAR CHALLENGE had been launched on the 11/11/2020. Since this is the first time that UMS has joined this competition, the procedures are still being worked out. The design has been completed but the implementation will wait until the fund is sufficient to start the fine tuning. This car is custom designed so it can be modified at will. A few versions can also be built. What remains and cannot be  broken are the requirements of the World Solar Challenge 2021. Size is 1.7 m by 4.5 m and height of 1.3 m but total height of 1.6 m, a requirement of the regulations as well. Another requirement is that the total solar panel area is 5 sq. meters. Not sure how it is measure. It is just the active part of the solar panel or inclusive of even its surroundings. https://youtu.be/Tu-1t-N6ezA  

 https://solarteameindhoven.nl/ https://solarteameindhoven.nl/    In the previous version, Stella Era, they had done some crowd funding. I believe they sell solar chargers in return for donations.  

I like this Dr. Tom's comments and observations. The estimated daily range provided by solar power is only 30 km, compared to 60 km for Lightyear One. Over 200 km for Stella Lux.    https://www.engineering.com/ElectronicsDesign/ElectronicsDesignArticles/ArticleID/15464/Sonos-Solar-Assisted-Electric-Car-is-Practical-and-Affordable.aspx?e_src=relart   Sono's Solar Assisted-Electric Car is Practical and Affordable Tom Lombardo posted on August 13, 2017 | Comment AddThis Sharing Buttons Share to Twitter Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Share to Email Share to Print This SAEV could be the most affordable family EV on the market. Listen to this story How many times have you read about two friends developing the next revolutionary product in a garage? Laurin Hahn and Jona Christians - founders of automotive upstart Sono Motors - may be cruising down the same road as Hewlett & Packard

  Net-Positive Solar EV Goes 600 Miles on a Charge and Carries Four Passengers Tom Lombardo posted on July 12, 2015 | 2 Comments AddThis Sharing Buttons Share to Twitter Share to LinkedIn Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest Share to Email Share to Print Designed and built by students, the Stella Lux is a solar assisted EV that might be your next family... Listen to this story % buffered 00:00 00:00 00:00 Many solar assisted electric vehicles (SAEVs) are built strictly for competition, but the Stella Lux (Latin for Star Light) could be the first SAEV designed to be a family car … after its prototype finishes a competition. The Stella Lux is a street legal sedan that seats four. It’s roughly the size of a 2015 Toyota Corolla, but a little shorter. The Design Team Stella Lux was designed by Solar Team Eindhoven (STE) , a multidisciplinary group of engineering students from Eindhoven University of Technology.

When you design, you must know the maximum efficiency. Like Carnot engines. Then you estimate how much losses your design incurs. So use 1000 W per sq. meter, because working with 0 is much easier than working with 800. Although this is for a perfectly vertical sun, you can always track the sun to get this amount of sunlight. Many systems have this ability. The Transparent SUV has this ability. He directs you to another of his article, where he disputes this assumption of Solar Cars will not be available. This is in 2017. The team producing the Stella Lux will produce the Lightyear One in 2021. https://www.engineering.com/ElectronicsDesign/ElectronicsDesignArticles/ArticleID/10402/Net-Positive-Solar-EV-Goes-600-Miles-on-a-Charge-and-Carries-Four-Passengers.aspx      https://www.engineering.com/ElectronicsDesign/ElectronicsDesignArticles/ArticleID/14433/Your-Next-Car-Will-NOT-Be-Solar-Powered.aspx Your Next Car Will NOT Be Solar Powered Tom Lombardo posted on March 05, 2017 | 19 Comme

https://youtu.be/oVge8I6kxPY The inverter is wrongly labelled. It is actually a speed controller, ESC. The terms used in the RC hobby is simpler and more precise. 3-pole motor but I do not see any wire for hall-effect position sensors. Hall effect makes the job of the controller easier but makes it more fragile. Sensorless is the only option for the RC world. Also 3-pole. More poles are possible and they become stepper motors. The rotor is inside so is called an inrunner. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushless_DC_electric_motor In RC world, inrunner is used in cars but aeroplanes use outrunners. Why? Outrunners have more magnets so can have more torgue for less current or turns. But outrunners are not practical if mounted on the body of the car. Hub-wheel motors can be outrunners and all should be outrunners.

https://youtu.be/PoHQWndfpUM I shall be using batteries that are immersed in water all the time. Battery case becomes a water tank.

Watch how difficult it is to build a composite body. The most difficult part is the painting. Acrylic does not need painting. You can paint it if you want. Or wrap it to any colour that you want.  

 I managed to render images to 4K using HDRI 16K. Hopefully, it is much better. Actually I do not see any difference. I am still rendering 50 pictures to allow a video of 2 seconds. 2 32Gb computers are rending 2 movies. My 16 Gb cannot render reliably. It stopped suddenly, even with SD videos. Add caption There is black line across. It is the plane to capture shadow. This occurs in an AMD FX8320 CPU with GTX1650S. It is inserted after a clean picture had been rendered, but added during Freestyle processing. I thought I had disabled Freestyle half way. It still occurs. Venice Sunset rendered using Zbook 15. I disabled Freestyle before starting but it still appeared at the end. Fortunately, no black line. Widestreet 1 from HDRI Haven Potsdamme Platz from HDRI Haven

I notice that the participants spent too much effort to reduce weight but failing to notice the large Stella Vie. Somehow they forget about the law of physics. We must go back to physics when we want to determine the best solutions. A heavy vehicle may be slow in acceleration or when climbing up hill, but they do not cause any energy loss. Efficiency is a matter of energy lost that cannot be recovered. Aerodynamic drag is one of them. Since aerodynamic drag contributes to 90% of all losses, it is therefore the most important. This is quoted by a few participants. https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/atv-ev.shtml   In the above site, wind resistance contributes to about 35%. No mention about weight at all. Experience also inform us that heavy vehicles need not be inefficient. Take a look at Tesla cars. They are all very heavy because they have a large battery but they are still very fast and very economical. My personal experience is similar. When I drove a Range Rover from Sandakan to Kota

 The trip from Darwin to Adelaide in the World Solar Challenge is in a southerly direction. The sun rises from the east and sets in the west. If we tilt the solar panel in the car sideways, we can track the sun easily. Not fully effective compared to full tracking but some efficiencies can be expected. We can expect the solar panels to be tilted by 10 degrees only. We can also tilt the SUV by 10 degrees. 10 degrees should be safe in a calm day. The total sideways tracking angle is therefore 20 degrees. Better than nothing. Those cars with fixed solar panels pasted to the skins of the cars, will not be able to take advantage of this efficiency. Once they arrived at their stations, they can open their solar panels and prop it up to even 90 degrees. For the Transparent car, we should be able to remove the solar panels and put them outside. Acrylic may lose up to 10 % of light transmission because its transmissivity is only up to 93 %. The car is tilted by 10 degrees. The rear most solar p

A major objection to a transparent car is that there is no privacy in a transprent car. Malaysians spent a lot of money covering up their car windows with dark tints so that people cannot see them inside the car.  They forget to realise that most houses now have glass doors and huge glass windows but they are covered with curtains. The idea is that, the occupants in the house should be able to see people outside the house more easily. Also it is more satisfying to be able to see as much as possibble. Which is why I am so surprised that Malaysians and I am sure most people in the world, do not welcome a transparent car. You can install more panels inside the car if you want privacy. Or just install curtains. If you still insist, you can always paint or wrap the transparent cars. A transparent car can be made opaque but the opposite is not true. You cannot make an opaque car transparent any more. Cost wise also, transparent plastics should be cheaper than opaque plastics because more pig

  Dimensions and Maximum Solar Panels allowed Thanks to Free3D https://free3d.com/3d-models/car site and contributors of free 3D models of this town, tree and people. Dennis and Ayla provide some feeling of dimensions of the Transparent SUV which is restricted by the World Solar Challenge 2021. The solar panels are sized 1.5 m x 0. 8 m, or 1.2 sq. m so 5 of them have exceeded the maximum solar panel area allowed. The maximum height is 1.6 m , including ground clearance. You can see from the design that the Tesla Model S wheel easily provides 0.3 m ground clearance, It can rise further easily. Good for tilting the solar panels for maximum efficiency. Dennis is 1.8 m tall, not that tall for many people. Dennis will find it crammed sitting inside this car. Notice the large areas at the sides of the car where solar panels can still be installed. My son commented that this car is ugly because it allows people to see the drivers and passengers. If you install solar panels at the side, visib

 It can mount 14 0.8 m  x 0.5 m solar panels, making up a total of 5.6 sq. m, which exceeds the limit of 5 sq. meter. We only need to remove one because the surface area of the actual panels is less than this size. You can see from this picture that these panels can be tracked inside the SUV. The tilting of the SUV further aids in tracking the sun. Transparent SUV with 15 mm thick transparent acrylic. Dimensions limited by World Solar Challenge 2021 regulations.

 With a coefficient of drag (CD) of only 0.095, it is the lowest achieveable, even among the World Solar Challenge cars. I have only measured the CD of Stella Vie and CUER Resolution with have CD of 0.10.  Initially I though MicroCFD cannot calculate lower CD values because the CUER Resolution has a tear drop shape that should make it the most aerodynamic but the results did show it. At leas they are better than the true teardrop shape that I got samples of. They were however scaled to have a height to length ration of 0.3 that is similar to the proposed dimensions of the original Transparent Cars. This CD of 0.095 is achieved with the Transparent SUV that is to be entered for the World Solar Challenge according to its regulations for the 2021 event. Its dimensioin is adjust to 1.3 because this is the tallest that is allowed. The Transparent SUV will have the highest ground clearance of 0.3 m, so the height of the SUV will be 1.6m, barely passing the height limit of 1.6 m. Its length i